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📜 Cybersecurity Certifications Guide

Career Progression: Certifications validate your skills and knowledge, making you more competitive in the job market. Start with entry-level certifications and work your way up as you gain experience.

🟢 Entry-Level Certifications (0-2 years experience)

Entry Level

CompTIA Security+

Provider: CompTIA

The most popular entry-level security certification. Covers foundational cybersecurity skills and is often required for DoD positions (meets DoD 8570 requirements).

Cost: $404
Duration: 90 minutes
Questions: 90 questions
Renewal: 3 years

Topics: Threats, attacks, vulnerabilities, architecture, operations, incident response, governance, risk, and compliance.

Entry Level

CompTIA Network+

Provider: CompTIA

Essential networking knowledge that forms the foundation for security work. Highly recommended before Security+.

Cost: $358
Duration: 90 minutes
Questions: 90 questions
Renewal: 3 years
Entry Level

Certified Ethical Hacker (CEH)

Provider: EC-Council

Covers ethical hacking tools and techniques. Popular but controversial due to cost and focus on theory over hands-on skills.

Cost: $1,199
Duration: 4 hours
Questions: 125 questions
Renewal: 3 years
Entry Level

Cisco Certified CyberOps Associate

Provider: Cisco

Focuses on security operations center (SOC) fundamentals and security monitoring.

Cost: $300
Duration: 2 hours
Renewal: 3 years

🟡 Intermediate Certifications (2-5 years experience)

Intermediate

Certified Information Systems Security Professional (CISSP)

Provider: (ISC)²

The gold standard for security professionals. Requires 5 years of experience (or 4 years + degree). Covers 8 security domains.

Cost: $749
Duration: 3-6 hours
Questions: 100-150 CAT
Renewal: 3 years

Domains: Security & Risk Management, Asset Security, Security Architecture, Communications Security, Identity & Access Management, Security Assessment, Security Operations, Software Development Security.

Intermediate

CompTIA CySA+ (Cybersecurity Analyst)

Provider: CompTIA

Focuses on security analytics, threat detection, and incident response. More hands-on than Security+.

Cost: $404
Duration: 165 minutes
Questions: 85 questions
Renewal: 3 years
Intermediate

Certified Information Security Manager (CISM)

Provider: ISACA

Designed for security managers and those aspiring to management roles. Requires 5 years of experience.

Cost: $575-$760
Duration: 4 hours
Questions: 150 questions
Renewal: Annual
Intermediate

GIAC Security Essentials (GSEC)

Provider: GIAC/SANS

Demonstrates understanding of information security beyond simple terminology and concepts.

Cost: $979 (exam only)
Duration: 5 hours
Questions: 180 questions
Renewal: 4 years

🔴 Advanced/Specialized Certifications (5+ years experience)

Advanced

Offensive Security Certified Professional (OSCP)

Provider: Offensive Security

Hands-on penetration testing certification. Includes a 24-hour practical exam. Highly respected in the industry.

Cost: $1,649
Duration: 24 hours
Format: Practical exam
Renewal: Not required

Note: "Try Harder" - Extremely challenging and hands-on. You must compromise systems and submit a professional report.

Advanced

GIAC Certified Penetration Tester (GPEN)

Provider: GIAC/SANS

Advanced penetration testing skills including proper planning, scoping, and methodologies.

Cost: $979 (exam only)
Duration: 4 hours
Questions: 115 questions
Renewal: 4 years
Advanced

GIAC Certified Incident Handler (GCIH)

Provider: GIAC/SANS

Focuses on detecting, responding to, and resolving computer security incidents.

Cost: $979 (exam only)
Duration: 4 hours
Questions: 106 questions
Renewal: 4 years
Advanced

Certified Information Systems Auditor (CISA)

Provider: ISACA

World-renowned certification for IS audit control, assurance, and security professionals. Requires 5 years experience.

Cost: $575-$760
Duration: 4 hours
Questions: 150 questions
Renewal: Annual
Advanced

Offensive Security Web Expert (OSWE)

Provider: Offensive Security

Advanced web application security and source code analysis. 48-hour practical exam.

Cost: $1,649
Duration: 48 hours
Format: Practical exam
Renewal: Not required

💡 Recommended Certification Paths

Path 1: General Security Professional

Step 1: CompTIA Network+ → Step 2: CompTIA Security+ → Step 3: CompTIA CySA+ → Step 4: CISSP

Best for: Those seeking broad security knowledge and management roles

Path 2: Penetration Tester / Red Team

Step 1: CompTIA Security+ → Step 2: CEH or eJPT → Step 3: OSCP → Step 4: OSWE or OSCE

Best for: Those who want hands-on offensive security roles

Path 3: Security Analyst / Blue Team

Step 1: CompTIA Security+ → Step 2: CompTIA CySA+ → Step 3: GCIH or GCIA → Step 4: CISSP

Best for: Those interested in SOC work, incident response, and threat hunting

Path 4: Governance, Risk & Compliance (GRC)

Step 1: CompTIA Security+ → Step 2: CISA → Step 3: CISM → Step 4: CISSP

Best for: Those interested in policy, compliance, and risk management